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ID number:  BIRBI-39.1
Institution:  The Barber Institute of Fine Arts
Artist / Maker:  Unknown Italian Artist
Title / Object name / Definition:  Crucifixion
Object type:  Painting
Place made:  Probably Tuscany
Culture:  Italian, end of 13th century
Date made:  End of the 13th century
Materials:  Tempera on wood
Measurements:  56.5 x 32.5 cm
Provenance:  Hutton; Langton Douglas; Henry Harris; purchased from Mr Henry Harris in 1939 for £1,300.

Description: The Virgin Mary and Saint John the Evangelist mourn at the foot of the cross. Their anguish directs attention to the humanity of Christ and his suffering. Such small scale devotional paintings sought to deepen and inspire faith, encouraging a direct emotional response.

The panel was probably originally paired with another of the Virgin and Child. It has also changed in appearance. The gold background has been renewed and the green underpainting on Christ’s body now dominates.

Notes: Exhibited: 'Italian Art', Royal Academy, London, 1930, no. 1; 'L'Art Italien', Petit Palais, Paris, 1935, no. 26; National Gallery, 1939.

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2 Related Publications
	Opere complete Longhi, R 1974
	Gesten und Gebärden: Begriffsbestimmung und -verwendung in Hinblick auf kunsthistorische Untersuchungen Mrass, Marcus Schnell und Steiner 2005

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