Postumus was commander of the Rhine legions when he revolted against Gallienus in 260, after the capture of the Emperor Valerian by the Sasanian Shahanshah Shapur I. Though he revolted against Gallienus, Postumus never showed an interest in taking Rome, leading his revolt to be considered as a separatist movement, rather than a usurpation. Postumus's separatist polity has come to be known as the Gallic Empire. Postumus himself was murdered by his troops in 269.

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